A poorly secured load can slide or fall during sudden braking or swerving, putting the driver, the goods and other road users at risk. Although the details of regulations differ from country to country, the basic principles are internationally agreed. Here are seven practical rules taken from recognized safety guidance for heavy transport.
1. Inspect before departure
Before any trip, check the chains and straps for cracks or damage and make sure they suit the weight of the load. The inspection also includes confirming that the truck is not loaded beyond its capacity and that the load is balanced.
2. Use equipment with a suitable rating
Every chain or strap has a working load limit (WLL), roughly one third of its break strength. So do not rely on the written break strength, rely on the working load limit.
3. Add up the ratings correctly
The reference rule used in the United States says the combined working load limits of all securement devices must not be less than half the weight of the cargo. In practice this means you should know the weight of your load and calculate precisely, not estimate.
4. Use enough tie-downs
The guidance calls for at least one tie-down for every 3 metres of cargo length or so, and a minimum of two tie-downs for any cargo however small. There is no maximum number of tie-downs, extra safety does no harm.
5. Prevent movement, do not rely on tying alone
One safety expert says it is not about tying the cargo to the trailer, it is about increasing the friction between them. So use blocking and bracing and rubber friction mats under the cargo, especially on slippery surfaces.
6. Protect the straps from sharp edges
Sharp edges can cut straps. Use edge protectors wherever the straps touch a sharp corner in the cargo.
7. Re-inspect during the trip
Straps loosen with vibration, so the load should be re-inspected after the first 80 km or so (50 miles), then after every break and whenever needed.
Note: the numerical rules above are an international (American) reference for guidance, and local regulations differ, so always make sure you know the requirements of the country you are operating in.
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